Journal: Clinical Neurophysiology

Article Title: Rhythmic EEG patterns in extremely preterm infants: Classification and association with brain injury and outcome

doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.08.035

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of the different EEG patterns at 15 s (A, C, E, G, I) and 1 min per screen (B, D, F, H, J) that were detected in this study by the seizure detection algorithm of the BrainZ Monitor as indicated by the orange markers. Ictal discharges (A, B), periodic epileptiform discharges (PEDs) (C, D), PED-like waves (E, F), zeta waves (G, H) and sinusoidal waves (I, J).

Article Snippet: Clinicians using the BrainZ seizure detection algorithm in extremely preterm infants should review rhythmic activity marked by the algorithm carefully before starting AED treatment.

Techniques:

Journal: Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

Article Title: Acute seizure suppression by transcranial direct current stimulation in rats

doi: 10.1002/acn3.226

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical and EEG outcomes of cathodal tDCS treatment. (A) GTCS incidence and latency after first PTZ injection. Kaplan–Meier survival curve is used to display percentage incidence of GTCS ( y -axis) and its latency ( x -axis), after first PTZ injection in all treatment conditions. The height of each step represents the percentage of rats experiencing a GTCS and the length of the curve represents the GTCS latency from the first myoclonus. The median latencies in the cath 1 mA and cath 0.1 mA groups, respectively, were not significantly longer than that of sham rats. Note the clustering of GTCS latencies <300 sec in most animals. (B) GTCS duration after first PTZ injection. The first PTZ injection induced one or multiple GTCS in most rats. There was no significant reduction in the median durations of seizures in cath 1 mA or cath 0.1 mA treatment groups relative to sham. (C) Representative EEG traces. Sample baseline EEG without epileptiform activity (1); Sample EEG after PTZ injection shows a characteristic automatically detected spike-train outlasting 1 sec (2). (D) Spike burst count after first PTZ injection. Graph depicts the number of EEG burst discharges per 10 min of recording after treatment with tDCS, as digitally counted using the seizure detection algorithm of Neuroscore (Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN) and verified by visual inspection. The number of detected bursts was significantly lower in the rats that were stimulated by cathodal 1 mA treatment relative to sham controls or cathodal 0.1 mA. * P < 0.05. (E) GTCS incidence and latency after second PTZ injection. Kaplan–Meier survival curve is used to display percentage incidence of GTCS ( y -axis) and its latency ( x -axis), after second PTZ injection in all treatment conditions. Curve comparison shows that the GTCS incidence rate of 94% in sham group was significantly higher than the cath 1 mA (60%) and cath 0.1 mA (74%)-treated animals. Also the sham rats were the quickest to seize after second PTZ challenge as compared to the treatment groups. Note the clear separation in the Kaplan-Meier curve of cath 1 mA treatment group. (F) GTCS duration after second PTZ injection. The seizures caused by second PTZ injection were significantly of shorter duration in the cath 1 mA treatment group as compared to the sham-treated animals. Boxes indicate median and first and third quartile. Tukey’s error bars are indicated by top and bottom whiskers. An outlier value is indicated, beyond the Tukey’s error range by the solid circle. * P < 0.05. EEG, electroencephalography; tDCS, transcranial direct current stimulation; GTCS, generalized tonic-clonic seizures; PTZ, pentylenetetrazol.

Article Snippet: The epileptic spike bursts were counted by optimizing the automated seizure detection algorithm in Neuroscore (Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN).

Techniques: Injection, Activity Assay, Comparison

Journal: Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports

Article Title: Train of four stimulation artifact mimicking a seizure during computerized automated ICU EEG monitoring ☆ ☆☆ ★

doi: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2017.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Displays a QEEG color display showing the seizure detection and high rhythmic run detection on the left hemisphere over approximately 30 minutes of EEG recording. The upper line is the “seizure probability” panel (A), which detects high-frequency events suspicious for seizures. The event triggered the EEG screenshot (see ), which was then sent with this accompanying image. The “R2D2”-rhythmic run detection (label B/C) and display showed a similar seizure detection in the QEEG panel. The left hemisphere R2D2 (B) shows a higher frequency and density of activity compared to the right (C) and coincides with the electrical stimulation artifact. A rhythmic asymmetry spectrogram (D) shows dominance of one side vs. the other side in terms of frequency (left = blue, right = red). The final panel (E) at the bottom is an amplitude EEG (aEEG), which trends the averaged amplitude (in microvolts) of each hemisphere (red = right, blue left) which also increases simultaneously. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: He subsequently underwent continuous 21-channel ICU EEG monitoring with artificial seizure detection and quantitative fast-Fourier transform algorithms (QEEG) to make inferences about cerebral blood flow (alpha-delta ratio) (Persyst 11 software, Persyst Development Corporation, San Diego, CA) .

Techniques: Activity Assay